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The Laws of New York Consolidated Laws of New York Civil Practice Law & Rules ARTICLE 44 Trial Motions Civil Practice Law & Rules ARTICLE 50 Judgments Generally

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ARTICLE 45 Civil Practice Law & Rules (CVP) CHAPTER 8 SECTION 4501 Self-incrimination SECTION 4502 SECTION 4503 SECTION 4504 Physician, dentist, podiatrist, chiropractor and nurse SECTION 4505 Confidential communication to clergy privileged SECTION 4506 Eavesdropping evidence; admissibility; motion to suppress in certain cases SECTION 4507 Psychologist SECTION 4508 Social worker SECTION 4509 Library records SECTION 4510 Rape crisis counselor or domestic violence advocate SECTION 4511 Judicial notice of law SECTION 4512 Competency of interested witness or spouse SECTION 4513 Competency of person convicted of crime SECTION 4514 Impeachment of witness by prior inconsistent statement SECTION 4515 Form of expert opinion SECTION 4516 Proof of age of child SECTION 4517 Prior testimony in a civil action SECTION 4518 Business records SECTION 4519 Personal transaction or communication between witness and decedent or person with a mental illness SECTION 4519-A Possession of opioid antagonists; receipt into evidence SECTION 4520 Certificate or affidavit of public officer SECTION 4521 Lack of record SECTION 4522 Ancient filed maps, surveys and records affecting real property SECTION 4523 Search by title insurance or abstract company SECTION 4524 Conveyance of real property without the state SECTION 4525 Copies of statements under article nine of the uniform commercial code SECTION 4526 Marriage certificate SECTION 4527 Death or other status of missing person SECTION 4528 Weather conditions SECTION 4529 Inspection certificate issued by United States department of agriculture SECTION 4530 Certificate of population SECTION 4531 Affidavit of service or posting notice by person unavailable at trial SECTION 4532 Self-authentication of newspapers and periodicals of general circulation SECTION 4532-A

Admissibility of graphic, numerical, symbolic or pictorial representations of medical or diagnostic tests

SECTION 4532-B

An image, map, location, distance, calculation, or other information taken from a web mapping service, a global satellite imaging site, o.

SECTION 4533 Market reports SECTION 4533-A Prima facie proof of damages SECTION 4533-B Proof of payment by joint tort-feasor SECTION 4534 Standard of measurement used by surveyor SECTION 4536 Proof of writing by comparison of handwriting SECTION 4537 Proof of writing subscribed by witness SECTION 4538 Acknowledged, proved or certified writing; conveyance of real property without the state SECTION 4539 Reproductions of original SECTION 4540 Authentication of official record of court or government office in the United States SECTION 4540-A

Presumption of authenticity based on a party's production of material authored or otherwise created by the party

SECTION 4541 Proof of proceedings before justice of the peace SECTION 4542 Proof of foreign records and documents SECTION 4543 Proof of facts or writing by methods other than those authorized in this article SECTION 4544 Contracts in small print SECTION 4545 Admissibility of collateral source of payment SECTION 4546

Loss of earnings and impairment of earning ability in actions for medical, dental or podiatric malpractice

SECTION 4547 Compromise and offers to compromise SECTION 4548 Privileged communications; electronic communication thereof SECTION 4549 Admissibility of an opposing party's statement SECTION 4550 Admissibility of evidence related to legally protected health activity SECTION 4551 New York voting and elections database

(a) Incompetency where issue adultery.

(b) Confidential communication privileged.

(a) Enacted without subdivision heading.

4504. Physician, dentist, podiatrist, chiropractor and nurse.

(a) Confidential information privileged.

(b) Identification by dentist; crime committed against

patient under sixteen.

(c) Mental or physical condition of deceased patient.

(d) Proof of negligence; unauthorized practice of

4505. Confidential communication to clergy privileged.

4506. Eavesdropping evidence; admissibility; motion to

suppress in certain cases.

4508. Social worker.

(a) Confidential information privileged.

(b) Limitations on waiver.

4509. Library records.

4510. Rape crisis counselor or domestic violence advocate.

(b) Confidential information privileged.

(c) Who may waive the privilege.

(d) Limitation on waiver.

4511. Judicial notice of law.

(a) When judicial notice shall be taken without

(b) When judicial notice may be taken without request;

when it shall be taken on request.

(c) Determination by court; review as matter of law.

(d) Evidence to be received on matter to be judicially

4512. Competency of interested witness or spouse.

4513. Competency of person convicted of crime.

4514. Impeachment of witness by prior inconsistent statement.

4515. Form of expert opinion.

4516. Proof of age of child.

4517. Prior testimony in a civil action.

(a) Impeachment of witnesses; parties; unavailable

(b) Use of part of the prior trial testimony of a

(c) Substitution of parties; prior actions.

4518. Business records.

(b) Hospital bills.

(c) Other records.

(d) Enacted without subdivision heading.

(e) Enacted without subdivision heading.

(f) Enacted without subdivision heading.

(g) Pregnancy and childbirth costs.

4519. Personal transaction or communication between witness

and decedent or mentally ill person.

4519-a. Possession of opioid antagonists; receipt into evidence.

4520. Certificate or affidavit of public officer.

4521. Lack of record.

4522. Ancient filed maps, surveys and records affecting real

4523. Search by title insurance or abstract company.

4524. Conveyance of real property without the state.

4525. Copies of statements under article nine of the uniform

4526. Marriage certificate.

4527. Death or other status of missing person.

(a) Presumed death.

(b) Death, internment, capture and other status.

4528. Weather conditions.

4529. Inspection certificate issued by United States

department of agriculture.

4530. Certificate of population.

(a) Prima facie evidence.

(b) Conclusive evidence.

4531. Affidavit of service or posting notice by person

unavailable at trial.

4532. Self-authentication of newspapers and periodicals of

4532-a. Admissibility of graphic, numerical, symbolic or

pictorial representations of medical or diagnostic

4532-b. (Enacted without section heading).

4533. Market reports.

4533-a. Prima facie proof of damages.

4533-b. Proof of payment by joint tort-feasor.

4534. Standard of measurement used by surveyor.

4536. Proof of writing by comparison of handwriting.

4537. Proof of writing subscribed by witness.

4538. Acknowledged, proved or certified writing; conveyance of

real property without the state.

4539. Reproductions of original.

4540. Authentication of official record of court or government

office in the United States.

(a) Copies permitted.

(b) Certificate of officer of the state.

(c) Certificate of officer of another jurisdiction.

(d) Printed tariff or classification subject to public

service commission, commissioner of

transportation or interstate commerce commission.

4540-a. Presumption of authenticity based on a party's

production of material authored or otherwise created

4541. Proof of proceedings before justice of the peace.

(b) Of another state.

4542. Proof of foreign records and documents.

(a) Foreign record.

(b) Final certification.

(c) Lack of record.

4543. Proof of facts or writing by methods other than those

authorized in this article.

4544. Contracts in small print.

4545. Admissibility of collateral source of payment.

(a) Action for medical, dental or podiatric

(b) Certain actions against a public employer for

personal injury and wrongful death.

(c) Actions for personal injury, injury to property or

(d) Voluntary charitable contributions excluded as a

collateral source of payment.

4546. Loss of earnings and impairment of earning ability in

actions for medical, dental or podiatric malpractice.

4547. Compromise and offers to compromise.

4548. Privileged communications; electronic communication

4549. Admissibility of an opposing party's statement.

4550. Admissibility of evidence related to legally protected

4551. New York voting and elections database.